Neutron induced fission releases energy plus extra fast. It extends this information into a discussion of reactor physics, particularly as it relates to candu reactors. Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor with hungarian inscriptions. In 1987, the candu reactor, along with the cn tower and the alouette space satellite, was ranked as one of canadas top ten engineering achievements during the previous 100 years. Canadian nuclear laboratories cnl is a global technology company employing over 5,000 highly skilled workers. Pdf nuclear decommissioning is the final technical and administrative process in the life cycle of nuclear power operation.
Candu 6 is our 700 mwe class nuclear power reactor. The supercritical water reactor scwr is a concept generation iv reactor, mostly designed as light water reactor lwr that operates at supercritical pressure i. All canadian nuclear reactors are of the candu type but the reactor has also been marketed abroad until october 2011 aecl marketed and. This distinguishes it from comparable textbooks based on pwr reactors. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
All nuclear power plants in canada are powered by candu reactors. The report concluded that the plan for deep geological disposal is technically sound, and that nuclear waste. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Candu heavy water reactors use natural uranium, of which 0. The previous chapter was devoted to predicting the neutron flux in a nuclear reactor under special steadystate conditions in which all parameters, including the neutron. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in canada, and is currently used in nuclear power plants for electrical generation in various countries around the world. In an atomic bomb the chain reaction is designed to increase in intensity until much of the material has fissioned. Chapter 5 reactor dynamics prepared by eleodor nichita, uoit.
Candu reactors differ from other nuclear power systems as they are based on the use of natural uranium as. Candu advanced fuels and fuel cycles the canadian nuclear faq. Neutron induced fission releases energy plus extra fast neutrons. Introduction to nuclear reactor kinetics course presented at chulalongkorn university bangkok, thailand. Fuel production and waste handling technologies have also been developed locally. Cog maintains candu performance information and a database of station capacity factors and plant outages. Regulatory policies, standards, guides developed and applied by canadian nuclear safety commission formerly aecb canadian codes and standards. Physics codes and methods for candu reactor by shanghai. Candu fuel is characterized by a number of features. Overview ofnegative pressure containment output700 mwe, operate at 10 mpa, 312 c outlet header, may be 24%reactor outletheader quality in service dates. Candu reactors that have, or are still producing cobalt60, include pickering a, pickering b, gentilly 2, embalse in argentina, and bruce b. Mean free path of neutrons in matter is large, of the order of ems. The candu nuclear reactor got its name because this heavy water reactor design was developed in canadait stands for canada deuterium uranium.
Investigation of candu reactors as a thorium burner. It is needed to run our industry, our businesses and our homes, and it. Reactor grade plutonium can be used as a booster fissile fuel material in the form of mixed tho 2 puo 2 fuel in a candu fuel bundle in order to assure reactor criticality. Read online candu nuclear thorburn flex book pdf free download link book now. Data is collected and used for benchmarking, historical records and comparing candu station performance with nuclear reactors around the world. Chapter 3 nuclear processes and neutron physics pdf 1. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactors neutron moderator, a unique trait of the candu. The basic parts of a nuclear reactor are the core, a moderator, control rods, a coolant, and shielding. In october 2016, opg started work on the first of four reactors at its worldleading darlington nuclear generating station. Introduction to nuclear reactor kinetics candu owners group.
You need to understand the reason for particular design features so you can. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Candu canada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. Pdf cost evaluation of proposed decommissioning plan of. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavywater reactor. Canada has exported candu reactors to argentina, china, india, pakistan, romania, and south korea. The water moderator also functions as the primary coolant in light water reactors. Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor. A heat exchanger, also known as a steam generator, transfers the heat to a secondary cooling loop, which powers a steam turbine with an electric generator attached to it for a typical rankine thermodynamic cycle.
Physics codes and methods for candu reactor by zhu xingguan, cai jianping and chow h. The candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor of canadian design. Chernobyl a canadian perspective candu owners group. Each fuel channel contains 12 or small fuel bundles, each of which is 50 cm long and 10 cm in diameter, and weighs about 24 kg. This reactor has a unique design using natural or lightly enriched uranium as the fuel and heavy water instead of light water as a moderator. This reflector also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its very long diffusion length.
Continuing a tradition of building nuclear reactors. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download. This chapter is devoted to the calculation of the neutron flux in a nuclear reactor under special. Download candu nuclear thorburn flex book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Candu reactor owners to produce cobalt60 at various sites.
The candu reactor uses either light or heavy water for its coolant. In 2017, the university network of excellence in nuclear engineering unene and candu owners group, with the help of sponsors, published the essential candu, which provides a full and detailed briefing on the candu system. Issued by a government body, the standards council of canada. In a nuclear reactor the chain reaction is maintained at. The importance of the nuclear and neutronic properties of candidate space reactor materials to the design process has been acknowledged as has been the use of benchmark reactor physics experiments. Eleodor nichita, associate professor, uoit summary. This chapter provides a toplevel introduction to nuclear reactors and surveys the world reactor situation.
The essential candu bill garlands nuclear engineering page. The basic operation of the candu design is similar to other nuclear reactors. This is a textbook about candu nuclear reactor and power plant engineering, not just the reactor physics of the core. So all of todays commercial nuclear power stations have a way of. A pressurised heavy water reactor is a nuclear power reactor that uses unenriched natural uranium as nuclear fuel and heavy water as moderator. Candu energy offers support services for existing sites an is completing formerly stalled installations in romanie and argentinae through a partnership with china national nuclear corporation. The essential candu a textbook on the candu nuclear power plant technology. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation and in propulsion of ships. While it is true that the reactor is certainly the distinguishing feature of the plant, it is hardly the whole story.
The term critical in this context refers to the critical point of water, and must not be confused with the concept of criticality of the nuclear reactor. It combines features of the existing candu pressurised heavy water reactors phwr with features of lightwater cooled pressurized water reactors pwr. The candu reactor has a modular core, made up of fuel channels. The book will emphasize theory over other aspects of nuclear science. The candu reactor design or phwr pressurized heavy water reactor has been developed since the 1950s in canada, and more recently also in india. As of october 2016, there were 446 nuclear reactors in operation around the world, 47 of them are candu. However, the the statement however, by avoiding the uranium enrichment process, overall utilization of mined uranium in candu reactors is significantly less than in lightwater reactors, about 3040% less, using current designs. Candu nuclear street nuclear power plant news, jobs. Profiling the potential for hydrogen fuel reliable, clean and affordable energy is key to human progress and to attaining a better quality of life for all people.
Some of the design features and unique characteristics of the candu reactor are. Jul 08, 2016 a nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Snc lavalin, the successor to aecl, is pursuing new candu 6 reactor sales. Nuclear power nuclear power plant types of reactors candu heavy water reactor. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavy water reactor. The candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr designed and built by canadian nuclear laboratories since the 1950s. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant. Through this candu business unit, our nuclear products consistently meet and exceed all quality design requirements of our candu nuclear reactor business partners. A containment building, in its most common usage, is a reinforced steel or lead structure enclosing a nuclear reactor. The directions and technical development of the candu reactor are.
Nuclear power research in south korea is very active with projects involving a variety of advanced reactors, including a small modular reactor, a liquidmetal fast nuclear transmutation reactor, and a hightemperature hydrogen generation design. The advanced fuel candu reactor afcr is a generation iii advanced fuelefficient 740 mweclass pressurized heavy water reactor developed by candu energy, a member of the snclavalin group and china national nuclear corporation. Candu reactor article about candu reactor by the free. Nuclear reactor and nuclear power plants, acr candu. The development of the first candu reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between atomic energy of canada ltd. Nuclear street nuclear power plant news, jobs, and careers. The darlington power plant has been producing about 20 per cent of the provinces electricity since the early 1990s. It is designed, in any emergency, to contain the escape of radioactive steam or gas to a maximum pressure in the range of 275 to 550 kpa 40 to 80 psi citation needed.
Two basic features of the candu canada deuterium uranium. Candu, short for canada deuterium uranium, is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant and natural uranium as a fuel source. Deuterium is the primary element in heavy water, and uranium is the fuel used in this reactor class. Candu nuclear thorburn flex pdf book manual free download. Coolant circulates through a nuclear reactor core to transfer the heat away from it and prevent a meltdown that would halt energy production. Cnl is the designer and developer of the canadian deuterium uranium candu reactor. The first candu 6 plants went into service in the early 1980s as leadingedge technology, and the design has continuously evolved since to. A candu fuel bundle is small, lightweight, simple in its design and manufacture, and consists of only 7 components. Nov 06, 2014 candu energy says its newgeneration nuclear reactors have won the approval of an expert panel in china. Atomic energy of canada limited aecl developed the candu reactor technology starting in the 1950s. The essential candu a textbook on the candu nuclear. Candu nuclear power stations have consistently proven to be competitive with other types of nuclear power plants, while offering unique advantages to their operators.
Candu energy says its new nuclear technology, which is able to use spent fuel from other reactors, has cleared a hurdle in china. Chapter 1 introduction to nuclear reactors prepared by dr. The essential candu is brought to you by unene with administrative and sponsorship support from cog. Candu reactor acr a mythical device that has never seen the light of. Doppler and power coefficients, which cater to device ejection and short prompt. Week 2 dynamic characteristics of candu reactors 510 h. Mar 10, 2016 powtoon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume. This increase is very rapid and produces the extremely prompt, tremendously energetic explosions characteristic of such bombs. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first type to be developed and is by far the most widely used.
Atomic energy of canada limited, chalk river laboratories, chalk river, on. Candu reactors are now in seven countries and provide approximately 15% of canadas electricity. This training manual assumes prior knowledge of nuclear theory. Pg 2 codes and standards requirements for candu design. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download id. The various commercial large power producing reactors are identified and described against a brief background of nuclear reactor principles and key reactor. Fission reactions in the reactor core heat pressurized water in a primary cooling loop. The gentilly2 candu 6 reactor is owned and operated by hydroquebec.
The bruce nuclear plant in ontario uses 8 heavy water candu reactors, the most by any nuclear power plant in the world. Continuing a tradition of building nuclear reactors for over 50 years. In 1954, as part of an aid program to india, in 1954, the government of canada and atomic energy of canada limited aecl, now canadian nuclear laboratories agreed to help india build a research reactor based on the nrx design at chalk river. I would assume from the context that the candu reactor is more efficient at the use of uranium. The essential candu is a textbook about nuclear science and engineering pertaining to candu reactors using candu as the reference design. Producing radioisotopes in power reactors article pdf available in journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 2922. Based on over 60 years of proven operational excellence of the candu reactor fleet and experience. The course begins with the general principles of reactor configuration required to maintain a selfsustaining chain reaction. Large quantities of plutonium have been accumulated in the nuclear waste of civilian lwrs and candu reactors. Written by canadian standards association csa local codes and standards, as agreed by contract or. These reactors are heavy water cooled and moderated pressurized water reactors.
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