Outofvacuum electron beam welding provided that the gun towork distance is less than about 35 mm to allow for the greater dispersion of the electron beam compared with working in a vacuum, it is possible to weld many materials out of vacuum. In this paper, an electron gun was suggested that has an appropriate beam current, 200 ma, and a low level of beam loss in the egun. To test electron guns in the elephant vacuum chamber so that we as a team may obtain a means of testing our particle detectors used for the cascades 2 project. Ferrotec offers electron beam sources in two mounting configurations, conventional temescal mount guns and integrated center mount guns. Mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue part of displayed image 7. A brief idea about the evolution of the electron gun components and their basis of functioning are also discussed. Our more than 50 years of experience are reflected in over 400 electron beam systems installed worldwide. In other words, it is a device used in crt for displaying the image on the phosphorous screen of crt. The schematic arrangement of electron beam machining ebm is shown in fig. Design of an electron gun using computer optimization. The resulting electron gun are fabricating, and the gun s performance will be. The gun design is based on the application of triode emission system with improved quality of electron beam formation. Outofvacuum electron beam welding provided that the guntowork distance is less than about 35 mm to allow for the greater dispersion of the electron beam compared with working in a vacuum, it is possible to weld many materials out of vacuum.
Electron beam irradiation electron beam ebeam irradiation is a form of ionizing energy that is characterized by its low penetration and highdosage rates. Electron beam melting ebm is one of the latest am techniques using a computercontrolled electron gun to create fully dense 3d objects directly from metal powder. The following is a recount of my personal efforts in finding a stable source of 0. Electron beam evaporation or also known as ebeam evaporation. Pdf design of sheet beam electron gun researchgate. Jan 06, 2015 electron beam machining equipment the basic functions of any electron beam gun are to generate free electrons at the cathode, accelerate them to a sufficiently high velocity and to focus them over a small spot size. Mar 31, 2017 first electron gun produces high velocity electron particles. Electron beam machining equipment the basic functions of any electron beam gun are to generate free electrons at the cathode, accelerate them to a sufficiently high velocity and to focus them over a small spot size.
The emphasis of this guide is on industrial irradiation methodologies with a strong reference to existing literature and applicable standards. Now this high intense electron beam passes through magnetic lenses. Characterisation of a novel electron beam gun design twi. This may take place under elevated temperatures and nitrogen atmosphere. Electron beam guns for high energy electron accelerators. Ion beam guns and electron beam guns selection guide. Electron beam melting an overview sciencedirect topics.
Multi, single, and high performance emitters and parts. Sheet beam gun design is a challenge in achieving required flatness and laminarity over the. Electron beam characterization of a combined diode rf electron gun. Design and numerical simulation of thermionic electron gun. As the electron beam impinges the workpiece, kinetic energy of. Closeup of the phosphorcoated inner side of the screen cathode ray tube electron gun. Secondary and backscattered electrons are constantly being produced from the surface of the specimen while under the electron beam however they are a result of two separate types of interaction.
The electron gun with variable beam profile for optimization. Electron beam processing or electron irradiation ebi is a process that involves using electrons, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes. Schematics and drawings adobe pdf format required to read prints. We will discuss the application of these tools for the. Index termselectron gun, thermionic emission, secondary emission, field emission, explosive electron emission. Welding systems ebocam fixed gun electron beam welding systems ptrs eb chamber welders are modular systems built with proven designs using high quality offtheshelf components. Electron beam gun is a basic component of linear accel erators linacs which have a variety of applications in research particularly in high energy and medical physics. Our electron beam gun parts are in stock and our pricing is competitive.
Its target audience is readers who have a basic understanding of electron beam technology and want to evaluate and apply mathematical. The largest use is in cathode ray tubes crts, used in nearly all television sets, computer displays and oscilloscopes that are not flatpanel displays. If the filament made of tungsten or lab 6 is heated with joule heat, the free electrons inside the filament acquire thermal energy to exceed the work function, which is the energy difference between an electron at the fermi level and that in vacuum. It is several orders of magnitude smaller than the beam current.
Electron beam additive manufacturing uses mostly two cathode filament materials, namely tungsten and lab 6. Ep2077574b1 method of controlling electron beam focusing of. The following is a recount of my personal efforts in finding a stable source of. Method of controlling electron beam focusing of pierce type electron gun and control device therefor download pdf info publication number ep2077574b1. First electron gun produces high velocity electron particles. The electrons themselves are created through a heating process coming from a hot filament. Field service and parts for airco temescal electron beam gun power supplies, electron beam guns, electron beam sweeps,deposition systems and helium leak detectors. Pdf on the beam parameters of an electron gun with a plasma.
However, the forces between the electrons the space charge forces cause the beam to stop. Use of mathematical modelling in electron beam processing. Guns can be focusable for small spot size, for use in applications such as xray production, welding and rheed. Temescal brand guns use the conventional mounting approach, while the integrated guns use an integrated feedthrough to route all connections through the a rotatable center mount with all the fittings. This provides increased specific power of the beam and, as a result, the high capability to increase the penetration depth of welded joints. Electron gun, electrode structure that produces and may control, focus, and deflect a beam of electrons, as in a television picture tube see figure, where the beam produces a visual pattern on the tubes screen. The gun includes a solid filament, gas, or liquid within a cathode which is excited via extreme heat or high voltage inside a vacuum. Electron beam machining ebm diagram, working, advantages. There are a series of lenses which take care of only convergent electron passes through it. This type of deposition falls into the cateogry of pvd, physical vapor deposition. Furthermore, the design of the electron gun was verified using beam dynamics code egn2w and cstparticle studio 6,7.
Electron beam welding an overview sciencedirect topics. Laser heated electron beam gun optimization to improve. The electron gun with a control electrode was designed to produce hollow electron beams. Measurements are carried out for a beam with a power up to 4 kw and an electron energy of 60 kev. We offer power supplies for single source or multiple source operation. The design of electron and ion guns, beams, and collectors. A strong history of reliable electron beam source ebeam gun power supplies is critical to process success.
With 60 kw nonvacuum equipment singlepass welds can be made in metal thicknesses up to 25 mm. Conventional electron guns use thermal energy to emit electrons from the cathode. Sheet beam is employed in thz devices as the beam offers an effective interaction with the rf signal. Electrons hit the workpiece and their kinetic energy is transformed to the thermal energy heating the metal so that the sides of the workpiece can be joined and a. The electron gun emits electrons and forms them into a beam by the help of a heater, cathode, grid, preaccelerating, accelerating and focusing anode. Electrons hit the workpiece and their kinetic energy is transformed to the thermal energy heating the metal so that the sides of the workpiece can be joined and a weld can be formed after freezing. The ebm machine uses an electron beam gun to melt metal powder at 70 micron layer thickness, and builds solid details that have homogeneous material structure. Design and analysis of an electron beam in an electron gun. The power supply operates in userselectable voltag e ranges of 3 to 7 kv and 6 to 10 kv. Like other techniques using am, this also creates objects layer by layer nasr et al. The electron gun is defined as the source of focused and accelerated electron beam. Temescal system schematics and parts list for power supplies. Electron beam welding is a welding process that uses the heat produced by a beam of high energy electrons.
Apr 28, 2014 this feature is not available right now. Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology colin nigel ribton abstract the design of high quality electron generators to meet specific requirements is important in the application of these devices to a variety of materials processing systems including welding, cutting and additive. Electron beam welding advantages,disadvantages and application introduction to e beam welding. The well known slac electron trajectory program egun has been ported to pcs and has been developed into a family of programs for the design and the optimization of particle optics devices including electron and ion guns, beam transport sections and collectors. In this paper, an electron gun was suggested that has an appropriate beam current, 200 ma, and a low level of beam loss in the e gun. Electron beam welding parts, working, applications with pdf. Properties of electrons, their interactions with matter and. Figure 1b details two important aspects of an electron gun. Pvd is more favorable to be used as compared to its counter part, cvd due to the reason of lower process risk and cheaper in material cost. The electron gun is, mechanically and functionally, composed of two main parts. The electron beam formation, its focusing properties and the expansion and spreading of the beam over the collector surface need reliable tools for the design of magnetic shielding of solenoids as well as for the calculation of electron trajectories under the influence of electric, magnetic and self fields. Electron beam welding advantages,disadvantages and application. Use of electron beam gun for hard rock excavation second quarterly technical report i 4 descriptive notes type ot report mnd indus ivr dales, quarterly technical report i april 30 june 1971 au thorisi firm name, middle initial, laal name david r.
Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology. The electron gun is the device in that it shoots off a continuous or pulsed stream of electrons. The source of the electron beam is the cathode, a flat metal support covered with oxides of barium and strontium. Both materials have very specific characteristics as. An experimental approach article pdf available in iranian journal of physics research 172. An electron gun also called electron emitter is an electrical component in some vacuum tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy. A new design of electron beam gun for welding in open space has been developed. One commonality of these electron beam welders is that all beam parameters and all mechanical axes are numerically controlled either by a plc or a cnc. The generation of a highly monochromatic and coherent electron beam is an important challenge in the design of modern electron microscopes.
Further, the beam needs to be manoeuvred if required by the gun. Electron beam welding ebw is a fusion welding in which coalescence is produced by heating the workpiece due to impingement of the concentrated electron beam of high kinetic energy on the workpiece. The cathode is generally made of tungsten or tantalum. Development of an electron gun design optimisation.
Electron beam cathodes the vacuum level in the gun has a direct impact on the performance of the cathodes used in an electron beam gun. Incoming voltage options make telemark power supplies suitable for all locations. The electron beam then emerges from the gun assembly through an exit hole in the groundplane anode with an energy equal to the value of the negative high voltage gun operating voltage being applied to the cathode. These electron particles move towards anode which is placed after cathode tube. Electron beam welding process, applications and equipment. Electron beam welding parts, working, applications with. The electron beam gun is located either inside the vacuum chamber or stationary on the outside figure 14.
Ebocam fixed gun electron beam welding systems ptr. The beam a concentrated, highly charged stream of electrons is generated by accelerators capable of producing continuous or pulsed beams. Our current eh150v, eh300v and eh800v electron beam guns are the most powerful in the world. Ebm is an alternate additive metal process in comparison to dmls, and is a perfect solution for large parts built using ti6ai4v. Pdf electron beam characterization of a combined diode rf. In short, electron beam evaporation is a process of evaporation of material that is to be used to deposit itself on the wafer substrate by using beam of electrons to evaporate heat it. The brightness of a focused electron beam generated by a gun with a plasma emitter is measured. Characterisation of a novel electron beam gun design with a radio frequency excited plasma cathode pdf 936kb member report 10562015 twi industrial member report summary 10562015 by colin ribton, s del pozo and d r smith. It consists of an electron gun, diaphragm, focusing lens, deflector coil, work table, etc. The source of the electron beam is the cathode, a flat metal support covered with. Temescal simba 2 electron beam power supply multiple voltage and current ranges enhance the versatility of the simba 2.
Machining inside the vacuum chamber construction of ebm. Construction and working of electron beam machining. Find temescal, cha industries, and varian for sale on machinio. The electron generator is a 400 mm copper cylinder and 200 mm in diameter which is supposed to generate 25 ma current with energy of 16 kv operating in continuous mode. In scanning electron microscopy visual inspection of the surface of a material utilizes signals of two types, secondary and backscattered electrons. By varying the potential of this electrode it is possible to obtain on the gun output the beam with parabolic, flat or hollow profile.
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